diff --git a/apps/api/src/modules/auth/domain/entities/user.entity.ts b/apps/api/src/modules/auth/domain/entities/user.entity.ts
index 2e6b473..ecd5180 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/modules/auth/domain/entities/user.entity.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/modules/auth/domain/entities/user.entity.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ export interface UserProps {
   kycStatus: KYCStatus;
   kycData: unknown;
   isActive: boolean;
+  deletedAt: Date | null;
   totpSecret: string | null;
   totpEnabled: boolean;
   totpBackupCodes: string[];
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ export class UserEntity extends AggregateRoot<string> {
   private _kycStatus: KYCStatus;
   private _kycData: unknown;
   private _isActive: boolean;
+  private _deletedAt: Date | null;
   private _totpSecret: string | null;
   private _totpEnabled: boolean;
   private _totpBackupCodes: string[];
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ export class UserEntity extends AggregateRoot<string> {
     this._kycStatus = props.kycStatus;
     this._kycData = props.kycData;
     this._isActive = props.isActive;
+    this._deletedAt = props.deletedAt;
     this._totpSecret = props.totpSecret;
     this._totpEnabled = props.totpEnabled;
     this._totpBackupCodes = props.totpBackupCodes;
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ export class UserEntity extends AggregateRoot<string> {
   get kycStatus(): KYCStatus { return this._kycStatus; }
   get kycData(): unknown { return this._kycData; }
   get isActive(): boolean { return this._isActive; }
+  get deletedAt(): Date | null { return this._deletedAt; }
   get totpSecret(): string | null { return this._totpSecret; }
   get totpEnabled(): boolean { return this._totpEnabled; }
   get totpBackupCodes(): string[] { return this._totpBackupCodes; }
@@ -87,6 +91,44 @@ export class UserEntity extends AggregateRoot<string> {
       kycStatus: 'NONE',
       kycData: null,
       isActive: true,
+      deletedAt: null,
+      totpSecret: null,
+      totpEnabled: false,
+      totpBackupCodes: [],
+      totpEnabledAt: null,
+    });
+
+    user.addDomainEvent(new UserRegisteredEvent(id, phone.value, role));
+    return user;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a passwordless user (e.g. via Phone-OTP login auto-register).
+   * `passwordHash` is null so password login is not possible until the user
+   * sets one via the password-reset / profile flow. A fullName fallback is
+   * used since OTP signup does not collect a name.
+   */
+  static createPasswordless(
+    id: string,
+    phone: Phone,
+    fullName?: string,
+    role: UserRole = 'BUYER',
+  ): UserEntity {
+    const displayName =
+      fullName && fullName.trim().length > 0
+        ? fullName
+        : `Người dùng ${phone.value.slice(-4)}`;
+    const user = new UserEntity(id, {
+      email: null,
+      phone,
+      passwordHash: null,
+      fullName: displayName,
+      avatarUrl: null,
+      role,
+      kycStatus: 'NONE',
+      kycData: null,
+      isActive: true,
+      deletedAt: null,
       totpSecret: null,
       totpEnabled: false,
       totpBackupCodes: [],
diff --git a/apps/api/src/modules/auth/infrastructure/__tests__/local.strategy.spec.ts b/apps/api/src/modules/auth/infrastructure/__tests__/local.strategy.spec.ts
index 24b6245..8d01bd1 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/modules/auth/infrastructure/__tests__/local.strategy.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/modules/auth/infrastructure/__tests__/local.strategy.spec.ts
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ describe('LocalStrategy', () => {
       id: 'user-1',
       passwordHash: null,
       isActive: true,
+      deletedAt: null,
       phone: { value: '+84912345678' },
       role: 'BUYER',
     });
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ describe('LocalStrategy', () => {
       id: 'user-1',
       passwordHash: { compare: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true) },
       isActive: false,
+      deletedAt: null,
       phone: { value: '+84912345678' },
       role: 'BUYER',
     });
@@ -110,11 +112,27 @@ describe('LocalStrategy', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('throws 401 when user is soft-deleted (deletedAt set)', async () => {
+    mockUserRepo.findByPhone.mockResolvedValue({
+      id: 'user-1',
+      passwordHash: { compare: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true) },
+      isActive: true,
+      deletedAt: new Date('2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z'),
+      phone: { value: '+84912345678' },
+      role: 'BUYER',
+    });
+
+    await expect(strategy.validate('0912345678', 'password')).rejects.toThrow(
+      'Tài khoản đã bị xóa',
+    );
+  });
+
   it('throws when password is wrong', async () => {
     mockUserRepo.findByPhone.mockResolvedValue({
       id: 'user-1',
       passwordHash: { compare: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(false) },
       isActive: true,
+      deletedAt: null,
       phone: { value: '+84912345678' },
       role: 'BUYER',
     });
@@ -129,6 +147,8 @@ describe('LocalStrategy', () => {
       id: 'user-1',
       passwordHash: { compare: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true) },
       isActive: true,
+      deletedAt: null,
+      totpEnabled: false,
       phone: { value: '+84912345678' },
       role: 'BUYER',
     });
@@ -139,6 +159,7 @@ describe('LocalStrategy', () => {
       id: 'user-1',
       phone: '+84912345678',
       role: 'BUYER',
+      isMfaRequired: false,
     });
   });
 
@@ -173,6 +194,7 @@ describe('LocalStrategy', () => {
       id: 'user-1',
       passwordHash: { compare: vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(new Error('bcrypt internal error')) },
       isActive: true,
+      deletedAt: null,
       phone: { value: '+84912345678' },
       role: 'BUYER',
     });
diff --git a/apps/api/src/modules/auth/infrastructure/repositories/prisma-user.repository.ts b/apps/api/src/modules/auth/infrastructure/repositories/prisma-user.repository.ts
index b6e22fd..91e591a 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/modules/auth/infrastructure/repositories/prisma-user.repository.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/modules/auth/infrastructure/repositories/prisma-user.repository.ts
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ export class PrismaUserRepository implements IUserRepository {
       kycStatus: raw.kycStatus,
       kycData: raw.kycData,
       isActive: raw.isActive,
+      deletedAt: raw.deletedAt,
       totpSecret: raw.totpSecret,
       totpEnabled: raw.totpEnabled,
       totpBackupCodes: raw.totpBackupCodes,
diff --git a/apps/api/src/modules/auth/infrastructure/strategies/local.strategy.ts b/apps/api/src/modules/auth/infrastructure/strategies/local.strategy.ts
index 5022228..d222a81 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/modules/auth/infrastructure/strategies/local.strategy.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/modules/auth/infrastructure/strategies/local.strategy.ts
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@ export class LocalStrategy extends PassportStrategy(Strategy) {
         throw new UnauthorizedException('Tài khoản đã bị vô hiệu hóa');
       }
 
+      if (user.deletedAt !== null) {
+        throw new UnauthorizedException('Tài khoản đã bị xóa');
+      }
+
       const isValid = await user.passwordHash.compare(password);
       if (!isValid) {
         throw new UnauthorizedException('Số điện thoại hoặc mật khẩu không đúng');