# Payment Gateway Secret Rotation Policy

> **Status:** Active — GOO-197 / parent [GOO-102](/GOO/issues/GOO-102) (CLO data-security work).
> **Owner:** Security Engineer + Platform on-call.
> **Last reviewed:** 2026-04-24.

This document is the canonical policy for rotating all secrets that gate
access to GoodGo's payment gateways and adjacent integrations (OAuth,
storage, webhook signing, JWT). It ships alongside the `SecretProvider`
abstraction in
`apps/api/src/modules/shared/domain/ports/secret-provider.port.ts` and the
env-backed implementation in
`apps/api/src/modules/shared/infrastructure/env-secret-provider.service.ts`.

---

## 1. Why rotate

A stolen or leaked HMAC key for a payment gateway is the most direct path
to financial fraud against GoodGo. Rotation reduces the **window of abuse**
when a key is exposed (insider misuse, accidental git commit, third-party
breach, log scraping, etc.). It also forces us to verify that every
runtime that relies on the key can still read it — i.e. that we have not
lost the ability to rotate.

## 2. Scope (rotation-sensitive secrets)

The following secrets are in scope. Each is registered with the
`SecretProvider` by default (see `DEFAULT_REGISTERED_SECRETS`) and has a
matching entry in `env-validation.ts`.

| Secret env var                 | Purpose                         | Cadence  | Owner          |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------- | -------- | -------------- |
| `JWT_SECRET`                   | Access-token HMAC               | 90 days  | Auth           |
| `JWT_REFRESH_SECRET`           | Refresh-token HMAC              | 90 days  | Auth           |
| `VNPAY_HASH_SECRET`            | VNPay request/callback HMAC     | 90 days  | Payments       |
| `MOMO_SECRET_KEY`              | MoMo request/callback HMAC      | 90 days  | Payments       |
| `ZALOPAY_KEY1`                 | ZaloPay order signing           | 90 days  | Payments       |
| `ZALOPAY_KEY2`                 | ZaloPay callback signing        | 90 days  | Payments       |
| `BANK_TRANSFER_WEBHOOK_SECRET` | Bank-transfer webhook signature | 90 days  | Payments       |
| `GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET`         | Google OAuth                    | 180 days | Auth           |
| `ZALO_APP_SECRET`              | Zalo OAuth                      | 180 days | Auth           |
| `ZALO_OA_ACCESS_TOKEN`         | Zalo Official Account API token | 90 days  | Notifications  |
| `MINIO_SECRET_KEY`             | Object-storage access key       | 180 days | Platform       |
| `FIELD_ENCRYPTION_KEY`         | At-rest PII encryption key      | annually | Platform + CLO |

Secrets **not** in this table (e.g. `DATABASE_URL` password, `REDIS_HOST`)
follow the platform-credential rotation policy and are out of scope here.

## 3. Cadence and triggers

- **Routine rotation:** every 90 days for HMAC/signing keys, 180 days for
  OAuth client secrets, annually for the field-encryption key (which has
  expensive data-rewrap implications).
- **Event-driven rotation (always immediately):**
  - any commit accidentally containing a real value of one of the secrets
    above (regardless of how briefly);
  - departure of any individual with production access to the secret store;
  - downstream provider notification that the credential may be exposed;
  - confirmed or strongly suspected breach of any system that handled the
    secret in plaintext (CI runner, dev laptop, log aggregator, …).

## 4. Operator workflow (env-backed backend)

1. **Generate** a new high-entropy value:

   ```bash
   openssl rand -base64 48
   ```

2. **Stage the dual-key grace period.** Copy the current secret to the
   `_PREVIOUS` variable and set the new secret as the primary:

   ```bash
   # Example for JWT_SECRET rotation:
   JWT_SECRET_PREVIOUS=<current-value-of-JWT_SECRET>
   JWT_SECRET=<newly-generated-value>
   # Same pattern for JWT_REFRESH_SECRET if rotating refresh keys.
   ```

   The auth layer automatically tries the primary key first and falls
   back to `_PREVIOUS`, so tokens signed with the old key continue to
   validate during the grace period (≤ access-token TTL, typically 15 m).

3. **Deploy** the change. On boot, every API instance logs:

   ```
   [EnvSecretProvider] Secret versions at boot: VNPAY_HASH_SECRET=2026-04-24, …
   ```

   Verify the version field matches the staged version on every instance.
   The raw value **must never** appear in this or any other log line.

4. **Smoke-test** payment flows for the rotated provider:
   - issue one sandbox payment
   - confirm callback verification succeeds
   - confirm refund signing succeeds
     Record the rotation in the security audit log
     (`docs/security/secret-rotation-log.md` — append-only).

5. **Decommission** the old credential in the gateway's merchant portal.

6. **Remove the previous secret.** After the grace period (at least one
   full access-token TTL cycle, typically 15 minutes), remove
   `JWT_SECRET_PREVIOUS` (and/or `JWT_REFRESH_SECRET_PREVIOUS`) from the
   environment and redeploy. This closes the dual-key window.

## 5. SecretProvider abstraction (developer workflow)

All new and existing code that consumes a rotation-sensitive secret MUST
go through the `SecretProvider` port:

```ts
import { Inject, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { SECRET_PROVIDER, type ISecretProvider } from '@modules/shared/domain/ports';

@Injectable()
export class VnpayService {
  constructor(@Inject(SECRET_PROVIDER) private readonly secrets: ISecretProvider) {}

  async sign(payload: string): Promise<string> {
    const { value } = await this.secrets.getSecret('VNPAY_HASH_SECRET');
    // … HMAC with `value`, never store it on `this`, never log it.
  }
}
```

Rules:

- **Never** capture the raw value into a service field. Always re-read on
  the request path so a rotation takes effect at the next request.
- **Never** include `material.value` in log messages, error messages, or
  exception payloads. `material.version` is safe to log.
- **Never** stringify a `SecretMaterial` directly into a response body.
- For bootstrap-only contexts where `await` is awkward, use
  `getSecretSync` — but note that a future remote backend may throw
  `UnsupportedSyncReadError`.

## 6. Backends

- **Short term — `EnvSecretProvider` (current).** Reads from `process.env`
  via `ConfigService`. Operationally identical to the pre-existing
  `getOrThrow('VNPAY_HASH_SECRET')` calls, but with a stable audit surface
  (versions logged, port-based DI).
- **Mid term — `AwsSecretsManagerSecretProvider` / `VaultSecretProvider`.**
  Same port. Adds:
  - automatic refresh from the remote store
  - per-secret IAM / Vault-policy scoping
  - native version ids (`AWSCURRENT` / `AWSPREVIOUS` etc.) surfaced as
    `material.version`
  - `getSecretSync` may throw `UnsupportedSyncReadError`; bootstrap
    callers must migrate to `getSecret`.

Switching backends is a one-line change in `SharedModule` (replace
`EnvSecretProvider` with the new implementation under the
`SECRET_PROVIDER` token). No call sites change.

## 7. Logging discipline

- The `EnvSecretProvider` logs only `name=version` pairs at boot.
- The `version` is either an operator-provided `<NAME>_SECRET_VERSION` env
  var, or a 10-char SHA-256 fingerprint of the value (40 bits of entropy;
  non-invertible; useful for distinguishing rotations across instances).
- Negative tests in
  `apps/api/src/modules/shared/infrastructure/__tests__/env-secret-provider.service.spec.ts`
  assert the raw value never appears in logger output, error messages, or
  serialized provider state.
- The repo also has a global `pii-masker` and `GlobalExceptionFilter` —
  those are defence-in-depth, not the primary control. The primary control
  is "never put the value into a string in the first place."

## 8. Incident response (suspected leak)

1. Open a P1 incident in `#sec-incident`. Page Security on-call.
2. Rotate the affected secret immediately following §4 — do not wait for
   forensic confirmation.
3. Search logs / CI artifacts / git history for the leaked value
   fingerprint (NOT the value itself; use `fingerprint()` from
   `env-secret-provider.service.ts`).
4. Coordinate with the gateway's anti-fraud team where applicable (VNPay,
   MoMo, ZaloPay merchant support).
5. File a post-mortem within 5 business days; update this policy if
   process gaps were found.

## 9. References

- Source port: `apps/api/src/modules/shared/domain/ports/secret-provider.port.ts`
- Env-backed impl: `apps/api/src/modules/shared/infrastructure/env-secret-provider.service.ts`
- Env validation: `apps/api/src/modules/shared/infrastructure/env-validation.ts`
- Negative tests: `apps/api/src/modules/shared/infrastructure/__tests__/env-secret-provider.service.spec.ts`
- Parent issue: [GOO-102](/GOO/issues/GOO-102)
- This issue: [GOO-197](/GOO/issues/GOO-197)